Sharing common parts, processes, interfaces and infrastructure offers the potential to increase the overall efficiency and effectiveness of an enterprise through reductions in costs, lead times and risks associated with the development of product/system families. While the benefits of commonality have attracted much interest across industry, the government and academia, the current practice and research fail to account for a significant challenge associated with commonality: the natural reduction of commonality over time, a phenomenon termed “divergence.” Divergence occurs due to requirements changes; learning in development and operations; the availability of new technologies; obsolescence; program timing; and for reasons associated with corporate culture.
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